23rd July 2025

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the ‘International Seabed Authority’? 

1. It was established in the year 1974 by the UNCLOS as an autonomous intergovernmental body having observer status at the UN. 
2. Its headquarter is located in London. 
3. India is the first country to have received the status of a pioneer investor in 1987 to explore Central Indian Ocean Basin for exploration and utilisation of nodules. 

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the ‘Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010’? 

1. It provides for strict and no-fault liability on the operator of the nuclear plant, where it will be held liable for damage regardless of any fault on its part. 
2. It has also limited the government liability amount to the damage claims. 
3. Section 46 of the Act allows the victims of a nuclear catastrophe to seek claims for damages against the operator or the supplier under criminal law. 

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about India’s nuclear programme? 

1. It is a three-stage programme launched in the year 1954 to generate power from the country’s uranium and thorium resources. 
2. In the fast-breeder reactor, plutonium is used as a fuel which is also the byproduct of the pressurised heavy water reactor. 
3. Thorium is intended to be used at the late-second stage of the nuclear power programme. 
4. The fast breeder reactor will be able to generate more fissile material than it will consume to produce power. 

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the ‘small modular reactors’? 

1. They have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit which is about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors. 
2. Unlike the traditional nuclear power plants, they can be factory-built. 
3. India has become the fifth country in the world to explore the development of small modular reactors. 

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