26th February 2026

Explanation:

• The correct order is: Proposal initiated by the state government → MHA examines the proposal (along with consultation with departments like Intelligence Bureau, Survey of India, etc.) → President refers the Bill to the State Legislature for views → Bill introduced and passed in Parliament → Presidential assent and notification.
• The constitutional basis is Article 3, which empowers Parliament to form new states, alter boundaries, and change names of states.
• Current status: The Union Cabinet has approved the proposal for the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2026. The President will refer it to the Kerala Assembly, after which it will be introduced in Parliament.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The name "Keralam" appears in Ashoka's Rock Edict II (257 BCE) as 'Keralaputra', linked to the ancient Chera dynasty.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Aikya Kerala movement began in the 1920s, demanding unification of Malayalam-speaking areas — Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore.
• Statement 3 is correct: Travancore and Kochi merged in 1949; the State Reorganisation Commission (Fazl Ali Commission) recommended the formation of Kerala, which was officially formed in 1956 on a linguistic basis.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) attended both the 1906 Calcutta and 1907 Surat sessions of the Indian National Congress, marking his early engagement with the national movement.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: He was first elected to the Salem Municipal Council in 1911 and joined Annie Besant's Home Rule League by 1916. He became Chairman of the Salem Municipal Council only in 1917 — which was after joining the Home Rule League, not before.
• Statement 3 is correct: In 1919, Rajaji shifted to Madras, where he met Mahatma Gandhi, a turning point that deepened his involvement in the Independence movement.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct (and hence NOT an incorrect statement): HPV spreads through direct sexual contact, causes genital warts, and a dozen types cause different cancers including cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal.
• Statement 2 is NOT correct: There is an HPV vaccine that protects against cancer-causing strains HPV 16 and 18. Research funded by Cancer Research UK found it reduced cervical cancer risk by 62% in women aged 14-16.
• Statement 3 is NOT correct: HPV does affect men as well. Most men who get HPV never develop symptoms, but if the infection persists it can cause genital warts or certain cancers.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Jeju is a special autonomous province and is Korea's largest and southernmost island, oval in shape.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Mount Hallasan is the tallest mountain in South Korea but is a dormant volcano, not an active one. It has a lake in its crater.
• Statement 3 is correct: The island's lava tubes and certain volcanic formations (including Mount Hallasan) were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007.