5th June 2026

Explanation - The Alpine forests are found all along the Himalaya at altitude ranging between 2500m to 3500m. Valley of Flowers National Park - At 3352 to 3658 meters above sea level. Hence, Statement 1 is correct. Namdapha National Park has a very wide altitudinal variation – from 200m to 4,500m in the snow-capped mountain. Thus, it doesn‘t lie completely in the temperate alpine zone.

Explanation - Navachar Mantra Initiative is a national initiative focused on strengthening grassroots entrepreneurship and expanding opportunities for innovators across emerging India. It is aimed at identifying, nurturing, and amplifying India's most promising grassroots innovators and early-stage entrepreneurs. Nodal Ministry: It is an initiative of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). It is being implemented by the National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD), with Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT), IIT Delhi serving as the Technical Knowledge Partner. Key Features of Navachar Mantra Initiative — Structured ecosystem: It is designed to provide a structured ecosystem of support for innovators working across priority sectors such as Agritech, Health Tech, EdTech and Skilling, Climate and Sustainability, Rural Commerce, and MSME Enablement. Access to Stakeholders: Under this, innovators will gain direct access to policymakers, industry leaders, investors, and domain experts, enabling them to refine their ideas, strengthen business models. Focus on Inclusion: It seeks to create pathways for innovators from Tier-2 and Tier-3 towns, aspirational districts, and underserved geographies to access mentorship, visibility, and growth opportunities.

Explanation - Viksit Vibrant Village Program is a youth-led initiative aimed at strengthening grassroots engagement, fostering national integration, and promoting sustainable development in India's border villages. Implementation — It is being implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP). Key Features of Viksit Vibrant Village Program — The programme will see 500 MY Bharat volunteers from across the country engage directly with communities in strategically important border regions of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Ladakh. Selection: The volunteers were selected through a nationwide online quiz. The programme will be implemented in two phases. It is designed as a seven-day residential programme and offers young participants an opportunity to live in border villages and interact closely with local communities, Panchayati Raj Institutions, district administrations and security forces. It seeks to provide firsthand understanding of the socio-economic conditions, cultural heritage, developmental needs and strategic importance of India’s frontier regions. A significant component of the programme is the promotion of the Nation First Challenge, a nationwide campaign encouraging responsible citizenship and sustainable lifestyle practices. MY Bharat volunteers will actively advocate five key themes of the campaign: adoption of Swadeshi products, healthy cooking practices, public transport usage and fuel conservation, promotion of natural farming, and vocal support for local tourism.

Explanation - The pricing of ATF is based on a combination of international and domestic factors. International Benchmark Prices: ATF prices are linked to global jet fuel prices, which in turn depend on crude oil prices. Exchange Rate: Since crude oil is imported, fluctuations in the rupee dollar exchange rate directly affect prices. Freight and Insurance Costs: Transportation and logistics costs are added to the base price. OMC Margins: Oil companies include refining and marketing margins. State Taxes (VAT): States impose VAT ranging from 1% to over 25%, leading to price variation across locations. Thus, ATF price = Import Parity Price + Refining Margin + Freight + Marketing Margin + State Taxes.

Explanation - Lord Mountbatten served as the last ‘British’ Governor General of India until 1948. C Rajagopalachari was the ‘Governor General’ of India till 1950 when India adopted its Constitution. When the British ruled India, the Queen’s family, known as the House of Windsor, held the title of ‘Emperor/Empress of India’ from 1876 when Victoria was the ruling monarch. The last person in the family styled as ‘Emperor’ of India was George VI, Queen Elizabeth II’s father. The Windsors’ legal ties with India were severed after the country became a republic in 1950, but continued with Pakistan, which did not adopt its first constitution until 1956, and Elizabeth II officially served as the country’s ‘Queen’ for four years after her coronation in 1952.