3rd October 2026

Explanation - The PM-DHARA stands for PM-Developing Harmonised and Accelerated Renewable-energy Access. It will strengthen India’s Intra-State Transmission System (InSTS) to enable evacuation of up to 135 Gigawatt (GW) of renewable energy across States/ Union Territories. It has provided for the deployment of 50 GWh of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) at generator ends or other locations that are crucial for grid flexibility. Time Period: The scheme is targeted for implementation by FY 2032-33. Implementation — All Greenfield projects under the InSTS component will be implemented through Tariff Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB) mode, Brownfield upgradation and network strengthening works will be executed under Cost Plus Basis (CPB). Implementing Agency: The State Transmission Utilities will be the overall implementing agency, and Transmission Service Providers (TSPs) will participate under TBCB on a Build-Own-Operate-Maintain (BOOM) model.

Explanation - The CHIME (Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment) is a radio telescope located in British Columbia, Canada which was built in 2017. Focus: It was built to map the distribution of hydrogen gas in the early universe. It is capable of mapping the sky with unprecedented sensitivity and speed. It delivers a snapshot of what our sky looks like at radio wavelengths every day. Components — CHIME comprises four massive parabolic radio antennas that collect radio waves in the 400 to 800 MHz range. It has no moving parts and instead uses signal processing techniques to combine the information from over a thousand antennas to focus and point the telescope digitally. The telescope receives radio signals each day from half of the sky as the Earth rotates. CHIME focuses incoming signals using a correlator—a powerful digital signalling processor that can work through huge amounts of data, at a rate of about 7 terabits per second. It has capability to detect and study Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), transient flashes of radio waves originating from distant galaxies.

Explanation - Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. It is a Central Sector Scheme. It will subsume the previous version National Coastal Mission (NCM 1.0) which was implemented from 2021-22 to 2025-26. Aim: NCM 2.0 aims at strengthening the resilience and sustainability of India’s coastal regions and unlocking the potential of Blue economy. Time Period: It would be implemented for the period from 2025-26 to 2030-31. Nodal Ministry: Ministry for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Geographical Coverage — The Mission activities will be implemented in the Coastal States and UTs. 9 Coastal States: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. 4 Union Territories: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, and Lakshadweep. Objectives: Promote adaptation and mitigation measures to address climate change impacts on coastal communities and ecosystems Conserve, protect, and manage fragile coastal and marine ecosystems including mangroves, brackish water wetlands, coral reefs, etc. Develop Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans (ICZMP) and Coastal Marine Spatial Plans (CMSP) to facilitate environmentally sound, climate-resilient Blue Economy development, including green and sustainable shoreline infrastructure. Support the development of diversified and resilient livelihood options for coastal communities. Prevent, abate, and control pollution of coastal and territorial marine waters Promote the objectives of Aatmanirbhar Bharat and fulfil obligations arising from international treaties and conventions related to ocean and coastal environmental management.

Explanation - After the Supreme Court judgement in 2018, Parliament introduces an amendment in 2018 by inserting Section 18A in the original Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989. Section 18-A reaffirms the original legislative intention that Section 438 CrPC (pre-arrest bail) is not applicable to accused booked under the atrocities law. Ministry of Social Justice is the nodal ministry to enforce the provisions of the Act.

Explanation - CAFE-III introduces a credit-debit system to provide manufacturers with greater flexibility. Manufacturers exceeding their prescribed efficiency targets earn credits, while those falling short accumulate debits. Credits can be carried forward within compliance blocks and traded between manufacturers. Manufacturers with outstanding deficits can purchase credits from the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). The buyout price starts at ₹2,500 per g CO₂/km in 2027–28 and increases by ₹500 annually, reaching ₹4,500 in 2031–32. The 3+2-year compliance block structure allows manufacturers to balance deficits across three-year and two-year periods instead of meeting every annual target independently.