13th August 2026

Explanation - After the Supreme Court judgement in 2018, Parliament introduces an amendment in 2018 by inserting Section 18A in the original Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989. Section 18-A reaffirms the original legislative intention that Section 438 CrPC (pre-arrest bail) is not applicable to accused booked under the atrocities law. Ministry of Social Justice is the nodal ministry to enforce the provisions of the Act.

Explanation - Container Manufacturing Assistance Scheme is a targeted initiative to establish a competitive domestic container manufacturing industry through financial and institutional support. It supports establishment of new manufacturing facilities and expansion of existing units. It also aims to enhance manufacturing capacity to meet India's growing demand for shipping containers. Target: The initiative targets an annual domestic manufacturing capacity of around 10 times the existing container production capacity upto 7.5 lakh Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEUs). Financial Outlay: ₹10,000 crore over five years. To strengthen the container manufacturing value chain, the scheme provides — Capital assistance for establishing new Greenfield manufacturing facilities. Support for expansion of existing Brownfield manufacturing units. Operational support to improve the competitiveness of domestic container manufacturing. Support for testing infrastructure, skilling initiatives and capacity building. CMAS complements the Government's initiatives under Make in India, Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, PM Gati Shakti, the National Logistics Policy and the Sagarmala Programme.

Explanation - The NAVYA (Nurturing Aspirations through Vocational training for Young Adolescent Girls) aims to empower adolescent girls (AGs) aged 16–18 years in aspirational districts by equipping them with relevant skills for socio-economic independence. It is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and the Ministry of Women & Child Development. Objective of NAVYA Initiative — Provide demand-driven vocational training aligned with traditional and non-traditional sectors. Facilitate holistic development through modules on health, nutrition, hygiene, financial literacy, life skills, and legal awareness. Promote employability, self-employment, and forward linkages such as internships, apprenticeships, and job opportunities. Strengthen gender-inclusive skilling and create a safe, supportive training environment. Bridge the gap between education and livelihood, particularly for girls in underserved and remote areas. Under the NAVYA initiative, it has been decided to train 3850 adolescent girls under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 4.0 (PMKVY 4.0) in non-traditional and modern job roles such as digital marketing, cybersecurity, AI-enabled services, green jobs, and other emerging sectors. Further, training in life skills, financial literacy, and digital competence is to be provided to equip them for both current and future workforce demands. Under the NAVYA initiative, 19 States and 27 districts have been covered.

Explanation - Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Program (PMNDP) is a centrally-funded health scheme rolled out in 2016 with the objective to strengthen the district hospitals under National Health Mission (NHM) to make dialysis services affordable and accessible to the community. Under PMNDP, dialysis services are provided free of cost to all Below Poverty Line (BPL) beneficiaries at the public health facilities while non- BPL patients are benefitted of accessing the services close to the community at the subsidised rates. Initially, the Government recommended the setting up of haemodialysis centres in all district hospitals. Based on local requirements, States have been encouraged to scale down the facilities to Community Health Centres (CHCs) at the taluka level, especially in remote and tribal regions. The programme has two components namely Hemodialysis (HD) services & Peritoneal dialysis (PD) services. PMNDP supports establishment of dialysis centres (In-house & public private partnership/hybrid models) for HD service delivery as per the state/UT requirement. Currently, HD Services under PMNDP is operational in Private Public Partnership (PPP) mode in 14 States/UTs, in-house mode in 16 States/UTS and hybrid mode in 6 States/UTs. Under this initiative the PMNDP portal was launched in 2022. The portal will integrate all the dialysis centres operational in the state under NHM and facilitate building of renal registry and ensuring portability within the state (one state one dialysis) and later throughout the country (One Nation-One Dialysis). Funding: The NHM provides financial assistance to States and UTs for establishing and operating dialysis centres to ensure equitable access to kidney care services for all, regardless of geography. Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Explanation - Amphora is an ancient vessel form used as a storage jar, particularly in Mediterranean cultures. It is a two-handled pot with a neck that is considerably narrower than the body. The term "amphora" originates from the Greek word meaning "carried on both sides." There are two types of amphora — the neck amphora, in which the neck meets the body at a sharp angle; the one-piece amphora, in which the neck and body form a continuous curve. These vessels served both practical and ornamental purposes — While functional amphorae were designed for trade and typically had a pointed base for upright storage, decorative versions were crafted for display within homes, often featuring a flat base. Initially appearing in the late Iron Age, amphorae were crucial for transporting various goods, such as wine, oil, and grains and played a significant role in the development of the wine industry. Over time, the design of amphorae varied by region and era, leading to distinctive shapes that helped identify their origins. Archaeological discoveries of amphorae provide valuable insights into ancient trade, dietary practices, and societal structures, as they were commonly found in shipwrecks and excavation sites