14th August 2024

Explanation - CDV causes a highly contagious and life-threatening disease in dogs. CDV also affects other wild carnivores, including wolves, foxes, raccoons, red pandas, ferrets, hyenas, tigers, and lions. CDV spreads through aerosol droplets and through contact with infected bodily fluids, including nasal and ocular secretions, faeces, and urine. The virus then enters the blood stream and infects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, epithelial, and central nervous systems, and optic nerves.

• Explanation: 
  • AUKUS has been criticized for potentially fueling an arms race and escalating tensions in the Indo-Pacific, particularly with China.
  • The strengthening of Australia's naval capabilities could shift the regional balance of power.
  • However, AUKUS does not undermine the NPT as the agreement focuses on nuclear-powered submarines for propulsion, not nuclear weapons. The transfer of nuclear technology is carefully managed to ensure compliance with non-proliferation commitments.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. Both aerogels and xerogels originate from gels but differ in their drying methods.
• Statement 2 is correct. Aerogels are produced using supercritical drying, which preserves their delicate structure and results in high porosity. Xerogels are formed through conventional drying at ambient conditions.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Aerogels, due to their supercritical drying, possess significantly higher porosity and surface area than xerogels.
• Statement 4 is correct. Both aerogels and xerogels find applications in various fields, including catalysis, adsorption, and as carriers in drug delivery systems.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. The Paradesi Jews, over time, adopted the local language and customs, demonstrating a remarkable adaptability to their new environment.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Malabar Jews did maintain their distinct traditions, the characterization of them as "Black Jews" and the notion of stricter adherence leading to social distinctions is an oversimplification.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Intermarriage between the two groups was rare, and social barriers persisted for a considerable period.
• Statement 4 is correct. The synagogues in Kerala, particularly the Paradesi Synagogue in Kochi, exhibit a fascinating blend of architectural styles, reflecting the community's cultural synthesis.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Participation in NIRF rankings is voluntary, not mandatory.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. While NIRF does include 'Teaching, Learning, and Resources' and 'Research and Professional Practice' as parameters, they do not carry equal weightage. 'Teaching, Learning, and Resources' and 'Research and Professional Practice' carry 30% weightage each, while other parameters have different weightages.
• Statement 3 is correct. NIRF rankings have a considerable impact on students' and parents' choices in selecting institutions.
• Statement 4 is incorrect. The inclusion of institutions from neighboring countries is under consideration but has not yet been implemented in the NIRF 2024 rankings.