14th January 2026

Explanation: Indian Customs Electronic Gateway is known as ICEGATE which was established in 2007. It is the national portal of Indian Customs of Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC). It provides e-filing services to the Trade, Cargo Carriers and other Trading Partners electronically. It serves as a centralised hub for all electronic interactions between Indian customs and the trading community. It is the main infrastructure for connecting trade users with the Indian government's customs department, and acts as a hub for exchanging information between external trading partners involved in international trading. It is internally linked with multiple partner agencies including RBI, Banks, DGFT, DGCIS, Ministry of Steel, Directorate of Valuation and other various Partner Government Agencies involved in EXIM.

Functions: It collectively contributes to streamlining customs procedures, enhancing trade facilitation and promoting transparency and efficiency in cross-border trade activities in India by providing multiple features for its users.

Explanation: National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited was established in 1960 to build a strong and vibrant co-operative sugar sector in India. It is deemed to be under the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002.

Functions of National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited: It participates in sugar policy formulation at national and state level and helps set agenda for the development and growth of the sector in India. It advocates, promotes and safeguards the collective interests of its members in accordance with the cooperative principles. It also offers Techno-commercial services to establish, expand and modernise sugar factories, within India and Overseas.

Governance: It functions under the overall guidance of an elected Board of Directors, comprising of representatives of Cooperative Sugar Factories and State Sugar Federations across India.

Explanation: Catastrophe bonds are hybrid financial instruments that combine features of insurance and debt. They allow at-risk entities, usually sovereign states, to transfer defined disaster risks to investors. In the event of a pre-defined natural disaster, investors lose a part or all of their principal, which is then used for post-disaster relief and reconstruction. If no disaster occurs during the bond's tenure, investors receive their principal back along with a relatively high coupon (interest) rate. These bonds effectively turn a country's hazard exposure into a tradable security, opening access to a wider pool of capital beyond traditional insurers and reinsurers. This reduces counterparty risk and enables faster payouts, essential in times of crisis.

Explanation: Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile Weapon System is indigenously designed and developed by Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). The system consisted of the MPATGM, Launcher, Target Acquisition System, and the Fire Control Unit. It is the third generation "fire and forget" missile.

Features of Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile Weapon System: It incorporates cutting-edge indigenous technologies, including an Imaging Infrared (IIR) homing seeker, all-electric control actuation system, advanced fire control system, tandem warhead, propulsion system and a high-performance sighting system. The IIR seeker provides robust day-and-night operational capability. The tandem warhead is designed to defeat modern main battle tanks equipped with advanced armour protection. The missile can be launched from a tripod-mounted system as well as from a military vehicle-based launcher, enhancing its operational flexibility. Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) are the development-cum-production partners (DcPP) for the MPATGM.

Explanation: Bhadrakali Inscription is situated in Prabhas Patan, Gujarat specifically on the wall of the Bhadrakali Temple. It was carved in 1169 CE and currently protected by the State Department of Archaeology. It is a eulogistic inscription of Param Pashupata Acharya Shriman Bhavabrihaspati, the spiritual preceptor of Maharajadhiraj Kumarapala of Anhilwad Patan.

Historical Details in Bhadrakali Inscription: It mentions the construction of Somnath Temple in all four yugas. The historic Bhadrakali inscription reflects the devotion of the Solanki rulers and scholars like Bhavabrihaspati.

Protection: State Department of Archaeology, Gujarat.