15th September 2025

Explanation – INS Aravali is named after the Aravali mountain range and is designed to strengthen the Navy's information and communication infrastructure. It is located at Gurugram, Haryana (not a coastal state). It is guided by the motto 'Maritime Security through Collaboration' and is designed to support naval information and communication centres that are critical to India's maritime security, command and control operations, and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). The emblem reflects the base's commitment to safeguarding India's maritime interests through constant readiness and innovation. It would strengthen India's role as the Preferred Security Partner in the Indian Ocean Region. 

Explanation – CDs are issued by the Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) and All-India Financial Institutions. The Cooperative Banks and the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are not eligible for issuing a CD. The maturity period of a CD can range between 7 days and 1 year when issued by commercial banks. However, for other financial institutions, the maturity period ranges from 1 year to 3 years. A CD offers a higher interest rate than savings accounts or some other fixed-term financial products. CDs are issued in dematerialised form and can be transferred through endorsement or delivery, similar to dematerialised securities. 

Explanation – Immigration Officers posted at entry points hold final authority to validate or deny entry or exit. They can refuse admission on national security grounds. Universities must report admissions of foreign students, while hospitals must notify authorities of foreign patients, births, and deaths within seven days via electronic submission. However, not all foreign nationals including OCI cardholders are required to register with FRRO upon entry - foreigners must register with designated authorities such as SP/DCP or FRROs, but this varies based on specific categories and circumstances. 

Explanation – The concept of Contributory negligence is based on the principles of "Volenti non-fit injuria". The maxim means that the injury has suffered voluntarily and the defendant is not fully liable. The burden of proof is on the defendant to prove that the plaintiff is equally liable for the act and the plaintiff was not careful. The defence of contributory negligence is not available when it is proved that the defendant has the duty to take full care and he is legally bound to take full care and diligence. While India does not have a specific statute codifying contributory negligence, courts often consider principles of fairness and equity in determining liability and apportioning damages. 

Explanation – All statements are correct. With FDI, investors are able to exert control over their investments and are typically actively involved in the management of the companies they invest in. Conversely, in FPI the degree of control is less as the investors obtain only ownership right. One of the most important distinctions between portfolio and direct investment is that portfolio investment can be much more volatile. Changes in the investment environment in a country can lead to swift changes in portfolio investment. In contrast, FDI is more difficult to pull out or sell off as it implies a controlling stake in a business. For an economy as a whole, FDI creates productive assets by investing in factories, machinery & skill and superior technology. FPI doesn't aid productive asset creation directly. It is just a financial investment.