16th January 2026

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The index is structured around four pillars, but they do not have equal weightage.
• Export Infrastructure (20%)
• Business Ecosystem (40%)
• Policy and Governance (20%)
• Export Performance (20%)
• Statement 2 is correct: As shown above, the 'Business Ecosystem' pillar carries 40% weightage, which is the highest.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: While geography plays a role (Coastal, Landlocked, etc.), the categorization also considers size and administrative type (Large States, Small States, North East States, Union Territories). furthermore, within these categories, they are classified based on performance (Leaders, Challengers, Aspirers).

Explanation:

• Pair 1 is correctly matched: Leaders are States/UTs demonstrating relatively high export preparedness.
• Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Challengers are States/UTs with moderate preparedness and scope for improvement (not "no scope").
• Pair 3 is correctly matched: Aspirers are States/UTs at early stages of export ecosystem development.
• Since two pairs are correct, the answer is B.

Explanation:

• Havana Syndrome refers to a set of medical symptoms reported by US diplomats and employees stationed in Havana, Cuba, in late 2016.
• Symptoms included nausea, severe headaches, fatigue, dizziness, sleep problems, and hearing loss after hearing strange sounds. It is not related to economics or production.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: PVTGs reside in 18 States and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Statement 2 is correct: Criteria include a pre-agricultural system of existence, stagnant or declining population, and extremely low literacy.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: There are 75 PVTGs officially notified, not 95.
• Statement 4 is correct: Konda Reddis (Andhra Pradesh) and Irular (Tamil Nadu) are designated PVTGs.

Explanation:

• The Miyawaki method, developed by Japanese botanist Dr. Akira Miyawaki, involves planting saplings of various native species close to each other to develop a dense urban forest.
• Forests grow 10 times faster and are 30 times denser than traditional methods, developing in just 2-3 years.