18th June 2025

Explanation - Quantum computing indeed uses qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to the principle of superposition. Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where entangled particles remain connected, and the state of one can instantly affect the state of the other, no matter how far apart they are. Quantum cryptography, particularly Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), utilises quantum mechanics principles to secure communication channels and can detect any eavesdropping on the transmission.

Explanation - Defence Cyber Agency is a tri-service command of the Indian Armed Forces and tasked with handling cyber security threats. It was formally created in 2019, and its establishment marked a significant milestone in the country's efforts to strengthen its cybersecurity posture. It was fully operational with respective Cyber Emergency Response Teams (CERT) set up by each military branch. The DCyA draws personnel from all three branches of the Armed Forces. The head of the DCyA is an officer of two-star rank, and reports to the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) through the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS). Headquarter: New Delhi. 

Explanation - The IEA is an inter-governmental organisation with a broad role of promoting alternate energy sources (including renewable energy), rational energy policies and multinational energy technology co¬operation. It was established in 1974 as per framework of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. It has 29 member countries and acts as energy policy advisor to all the member countries. In March 2017, after a series of intensive consultations, India joined the IEA as an association country. The Agency's mandate has broadened to focus on the "3Es" of effectual energy policy: energy security, economic development, and environmental protection. 

Explanation - The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the proposal of DoT for setting up of Public Wi-Fi Networks by Public Data Office Aggregators (PDOAs) to provide public Wi-Fi service through Public Data Offices (PDOs) spread across length and breadth of the country to accelerate proliferation of Broadband Internet services through Public Wi-Fi network in the country. There shall be no license fee for providing Broadband Internet through these public Wi-Fi network. This Public Wi-Fi Access Network Interface will be known as PM-WANI1. PM WANI eco-system will be operated by different players as described herein under: 

• Public Data Office (PDO) - It will establish, maintain, and operate only WANI compliant Wi-Fi Access Points and deliver broadband services to subscribers 

• Public Data Office Aggregator (PDOA) - It will be an aggregator of PDOs and perform the functions relating to Authorisation and Accounting 

• App Provider - It will develop an App to register users and discover WANI compliant Wi-Fi hotspots in the nearby area and display the same within the App for accessing the internet service1. 

• Central Registry - It will maintain the details of App Providers, PDOAs, and PDOs. To begin with, the Central Registry will be maintained by C-DoT 

While no registration would be required for PDOs; PDOAs and App Providers will get themselves registered with DoT through online registration portal (SARAL SANCHAR) of DoT, without paying any registration fee1. Registration shall be granted within 7 days of the application. 

Explanation - Union Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment has launched the Central Sector scheme "SMILE: Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise". This umbrella scheme, under the aegis of Department of Social Justice & Empowerment, is designed to provide welfare measures to the Transgender community and the people engaged in the act of begging1. The scheme includes two sub-schemes — 'Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation for Welfare of Transgender Persons' and 'Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of engaged in the act of Begging'. The scheme strengthens and expands the reach of the Rights that give the targeted group the necessary legal protection and a promise to a secured life1. It keeps in mind the social security that is needed through multiple dimensions of identity, medical care, education, occupational opportunities and shelter.