22nd April 2025

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. Mount Lewotobi has two peaks arranged on a NW-SE line, named Lewotobi Lakilaki (man) and Lewotobi Perempuan (woman), reflecting local cultural perspectives through gender-based nomenclature.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The document states that Lewotobi Lakilaki has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Lewotobi Perempuan has erupted only twice in historical time

Statement 3 is correct. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in the summit craters of both volcanoes

Statement 4 is correct. Mount Lewotobi is located in Indonesia's East Nusa Tenggara province on Flores Island

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The WMO evolved from the International Meteorological Organisation (IMO), which was established in 1873, and was officially established in 1950 as a specialised UN agency

Statement 2 is correct. Meghayan-25 was held under the WMO Day 2025 theme, 'Closing the Early Warning Gap Together', which highlights the importance of improving early warning systems for climate and disaster preparedness

Statement 3 is correct. MOSDAC-IN Web Services were launched during Meghayan-25, a joint initiative of the Directorate of Naval Oceanology and Meteorology (DNOM) and SAC-ISRO, which provides customised satellite-derived weather products with secure, individual log-ins for Naval Meteorological Offices

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) is used for the construction of the tunnel, which is a method of modern tunnel design and construction employing sophisticated monitoring to optimize various wall reinforcement techniques based on the type of rock encountered.

Statement 2 is correct. The tunnel is being constructed under the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) Mode and is a key component of the ambitious Chardham Plan.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Around ninety percent of the tunnel is being excavated in phyllite, which is very weak rock, not granite.

Statement 4 is correct. The tunnel promises to cut travel time by about an hour and improve accessibility, particularly during adverse weather conditions.

Explanation:
Option b is correct. NMESIS features the US Navy's Naval Strike Missile (NSM) mounted atop the chassis of an unmanned variant of the Oshkosh Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV). The missile can destroy enemy ships located more than 100 nm (185 km) away.

Option a is incorrect because NMESIS is not considered an autonomous launcher, as its fire control system is not controlled by the self-driving system and autonomy technology.

Option c is incorrect because the system is operated by a marine who is responsible for mission planning and firing of the missile, not by artificial intelligence.

Option d is incorrect because while it is a land-based system, it is not exclusively for coastal defense and has significant range capabilities exceeding 185 km.

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The US remained India's largest trading partner for the fourth consecutive year in 2024-25, with bilateral trade reaching $131.84 billion, while China retained its position as the second-largest partner with trade at $127.7 billion

Statement 2 is correct. India maintained a trade surplus with the US of $41.18 billion (exports of $86.51 billion minus imports of $45.33 billion), while experiencing a widening deficit with China that reached $99.2 billion

Statement 3 is correct. India's exports to China fell by 14.5% to $14.25 billion, while imports from China surged by 11.52% to $113.45 billion, causing the trade deficit to widen by 17% to $99.2 billion from $85.07 billion in the previous year.

Statement 4 is correct. Electronic goods exports jumped 32% to $38 billion, boosted specifically by iPhone manufacturing in India

Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect. Type 5 diabetes primarily affects lean and malnourished teenagers and young adults in low- and middle-income countries, not obese individuals in high-income countries

Statement 2 is correct. Unlike Type 2 diabetes, where the issue is insulin resistance, Type 5 involves impaired insulin secretion due to poor nutritional history

Statement 3 is correct. The term 'Type 5 diabetes' was introduced and endorsed by Prof Peter Schwarz, President of IDF, in January 2025 and received official recognition at the 75th World Congress for Diabetes in Bangkok. It was first reported in Jamaica in 1955 as "J-type diabetes"

Statement 4 is correct. In 1985, the World Health Organisation (WHO) classified it as "malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus," but the category was removed in 1999 due to a lack of conclusive evidence linking it to malnutrition