23rd November 2024

Explanation - The world is facing an unprecedented crisis with nearly half of all children – about
1
billion – living in countries that face a high risk of climate and environmental hazards, the
UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children 2024 (SOWC-2024) report said recently. It is the annual
flagship publication of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The report closely examines
a key issue affecting children. These have ranged from children with disabilities, conflict and war,
child labour, urbanisation, early childhood development, and much more, making it the most
comprehensive analysis of global trends that impact children. The report includes supporting
data and statistics.

Explanation: Initiatives related to issuing advisories for cold waves (initiative number one),
developing strategies for heatwave management (initiative number two), fall under NPCCHH's
scope focusing on climate-related health impacts. Initiatives three and four pertain more broadly
to environmental management rather than specifically under NPCCHH as described here.

Explanation: Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Argentina's withdrawal would require
parliamentary approval due to the constitutional status of international treaties (statement 2),
and its exit could potentially encourage other nations to reconsider their participation
(statement 3). Statement 1 is incorrect as Argentina is the second-largest economy and 24th-
largest GHG emitter globally, not the largest in South America. Statement 4 is incorrect because
Argentina has not yet formally notified the UN of its intention to withdraw; the country is still in
the process of re-evaluating its participation.

Explanation: Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. A country can initiate withdrawal three years
after the agreement's entry into force for that country (statement 1), it remains obligated to
participate until the withdrawal becomes effective (statement 3), and the Office of Legal Affairs
at the UN Headquarters receives withdrawal notifications (statement 4). Statement 2 is incorrect

because the withdrawal takes effect one year after the Depositary receives the notification, not
immediately.

Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. AI focuses on building machines that can reason
like humans (statement 1), India's AI data bank aims to enhance national security through real-
time analytics (statement 2), and AI encompasses disciplines such as computer science and data
analytics (statement 4). Statement 3 is incorrect as it was launched at an event held in New
Delhi.