25th July 2025

Consider the following statements regarding Article 143 of the Indian Constitution — 

1. Under Article 143, the President can refer any question of law or fact, including hypothetical questions, to the Supreme Court for its opinion. 
2. The Supreme Court is bound to provide an opinion on every reference made by the President under Article 143. 
3. The advisory opinion given by the Supreme Court under Article 143 is binding on all courts and authorities in India. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the Financial Inclusion Index (FII) in India, consider the following statements — 

1. The Financial Inclusion Index is released annually by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). 
2. The Index comprises three parameters: Access, Usage, and Quality. 
3. The Financial Inclusion Index does not take into account the penetration of digital payment systems. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

What is 'Lumpy Skin Disease' concerning the livestock industry? 

Consider the following statements regarding the MiG-21 fighter aircraft — 

1. It was India's first supersonic fighter jet, inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF) in 1963. 
2. The MiG-21 was designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau and produced in India under license by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). 
3. It holds the distinction of being the most produced jet aircraft in the world. 
4. The MiG-21 has participated in all major conflicts involving India, including the 1971 war, Kargil War, and Balakot airstrikes. 
5. Its NATO reporting name is ‘Fishbed’, and it is also nicknamed ‘Balalaika’ due to its resemblance to the musical instrument. 

Which of the statements given above are correct?