26th April 2025

With reference to the characteristics and physiological roles of lipids in the human body, consider the following statements:

1. Lipids are insoluble in water due to their non-polar nature but are soluble in non-polar solvents like chloroform.
2. Cholesterol, a type of lipid, is essential for the synthesis of bile salts and steroid hormones.
3. Phospholipids and cholesterol together constitute the primary structure of biological membranes, allowing selective permeability.
4. All lipids in the human body are obtained exclusively from dietary sources, as the body cannot synthesize them.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order, starting from the earliest to the latest, as per recent Indo-Pak developments:

1. India issues a notice seeking modification of the Indus Waters Treaty.
2. India formally suspends the Indus Waters Treaty after the Pahalgam attack.
3. Pakistan objects to Indian hydroelectric projects on the Kishanganga and Chenab rivers.
4. India abrogates Article 370, changing the constitutional status of Jammu & Kashmir.

Select the correct order:

Consider the following statements regarding the Arun-III Hydro Power Project in Nepal:

1. The project is being developed on a build-own-operate-and-transfer (BOOT) basis by a subsidiary of an Indian public sector company.
2. Nepal will receive over 20% of the generated electricity as free power during the initial 25 years of commercial operations.
3. The generated power is intended exclusively for Nepal’s domestic consumption, with no provision for export to India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Regarding the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions (NCAHP) and its regulatory mandate, consider the following statements:

1. NCAHP, established under an Act of Parliament, is responsible for the registration, training, and accreditation of allied healthcare practitioners, including psychologists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists.
2. The NCAHP’s regulatory framework includes mandatory ongoing professional development and continuous learning for allied healthcare professionals.
3. As per the latest reforms, the NCAHP directly regulates allopathic doctors and traditional medicine practitioners under its statutory mandate.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

With reference to India’s Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv and its operational deployment in the Kashmir region post-Pahalgam attack, consider the following statements:

1. The ALH Dhruv is a single-engine, indigenously designed helicopter, certified only for civil operations by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
2. The grounding of the ALH Dhruv fleet in early 2025 was primarily due to a critical flaw in the swashplate component, which controls the movement of rotor blades.
3. The resumption of ALH Dhruv operations in Anantnag and adjoining areas was permitted despite unresolved concerns regarding the root cause of the swashplate failure.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?