29th June 2026

Explanation – Narcotics Control Bureau was constituted by the Government of India in 1986 under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985. It is the apex coordinating agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The National Policy on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is based on Article 47 of the Indian Constitution which directs the State to endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption, except for medicinal purposes, of intoxicating drugs injurious to health. Drug abuse control is the responsibility of the central government.

Explanation – The 1948 Genocide Convention defines genocide as crimes committed “with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such.” Criminal acts comprising genocide include killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, creating conditions calculated to destroy them, preventing births, or forcibly transferring children to other groups. To establish genocide, prosecutors must first show that the victims were part of a distinct national, ethnic, racial or religious group. This excludes groups targeted for political beliefs. Genocide is harder to show than other violations of international humanitarian law, such as war crimes and crimes against humanity, because it requires evidence of specific intent. The International Criminal Court opened an investigation into alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in Ukraine in February. It also has jurisdiction over genocide.

Explanation – The National War Memorial, which is around 400 meters from India Gate, was inaugurated by PM Modi in February 2019, in an area of around 40 acres. It was built to commemorate all the soldiers who have laid down their lives in the various battles, wars, operations and conflicts of Independent India.

There are many independent memorials for such soldiers, but no memorial existed commemorating them all at the national level. Discussions to build such a memorial had been ongoing since 1961, but it did not come up. In 2015, the Modi-led government approved its construction, and the location east of the India Gate at C Hexagon was finalised. The final design of the memorial was selected through a competition.

The architecture of the memorial is based on four concentric circles: Raksha Chakra, Tyag Chakra, Veerta Chakra, and Amar Chakra. The memorial also has an Eternal Flame, and busts of the 21 soldiers who have been conferred with the highest gallantry award of the country, Param Vir Chakra, are installed there.

Explanation – It provides a lightweight, cloud-based Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) designed specifically for outpatient clinics. This government-backed Health Management Information System (HMIS) is designed specifically for small and medium healthcare providers. It marks a pivotal step in expanding the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) ecosystem. The application developed by C-DAC is a lighter version of their flagship e-Sushrut HMIS software.

Explanation – PM RAHAT Scheme has prioritised life-saving intervention, financial certainty for hospitals, and a structured emergency response system for accident victims.

Features of PM RAHAT Scheme:

• It will be integrated with the Emergency Response Support System (ERSS), enabling victims and Good Samaritans to locate the nearest designated hospital and request ambulance assistance.
• Under the Scheme, every eligible road accident victim on any category of road will be entitled to cashless treatment up to ₹1.5 lakh per victim.
• It is implemented through amalgamating the Electronic Detailed Accident Report (eDAR) platform of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways with the Transaction Management System (TMS 2.0) of the National Health Authority.

Reimbursement:

• To hospitals will be made through the Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (MVAF).
• In cases where the offending vehicle is insured, payment will be drawn from contributions made by General Insurance Companies.
• In uninsured and Hit & Run cases, payment will be made through budgetary allocation by Government of India.