2nd March 2026

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The LCH features a pressurised cabin that offers protection from nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) It was inducted into the IAF at Jodhpur air base.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: LCH is powered by two French-origin Shakti engines manufactured by HAL — they are not indigenously designed, though they are manufactured by HAL.
• Statement 3 is correct: It is the only attack helicopter in the world capable of landing and taking off at an altitude of 5,000 metres with a considerable load of weapons and fuel, with a service ceiling of 6.5 km.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: VSHORADS is a Man Portable Air Defence System (MANPAD) designed and developed indigenously by Research Centre Imarat in collaboration with other DRDO laboratories and Development cum Production Partners.
• Statement 2 is correct: The missile incorporates a miniaturised Reaction Control System (RCS) responsible for attitude control and steering using thrusters capable of providing thrust in any desired direction.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: The missile system has the capability to meet the needs of all three branches of the Armed Forces — Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The main function of CERT-In is to provide early security warning and effective incident response, operating 24x7 with alerts and advisories for critical sectors, defence, banks, law enforcement, and e-governance.
• Statement 2 is correct: Under the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008, CERT-In has been designated as the national agency for cybersecurity functions.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: CERT-In was established in January 2004 and comes under the aegis of the Union Ministry of Communications and Information Technology — not the National Security Council Secretariat.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The rice fortification scheme was planned in three phases — Phase I (ICDS and PM POSHAN) by March 2022, Phase II (291 Aspirational and High Burden Districts) by March 2023, and Phase III (remaining districts of the country) by March 2024.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Extrusion involves producing Fortified Rice Kernels (FRKs) from dry rice flour mixed with a premix of micronutrients, passed through a twin-screw extruder machine. It is not a crop breeding technique — it is a processing technology that blends FRKs with regular rice.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Biofortification is the process of increasing nutritional value of food crops by increasing the density of vitamins and minerals (e.g., provitamin A carotenoids, zinc, and iron) through plant breeding, agronomic practices, or biotechnology.
• Statement 2 is correct: It can be performed through conventional cross-breeding (identifying high-nutrient varieties and cross-breeding them with other desirable traits) and agronomic biofortification (application of minerals like zinc or iron as foliar or soil applications).