2nd September 2026

Explanation - Ghepang Ghat glacial lake, known locally as Ghepan Lake, is a high-altitude glacial lake located in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at an altitude of 4,070 meters. Named after Ghepan, the protector deity of Lahaul, the lake has deep ties to local culture and faith. The lake is known for its enchanting turquoise blue waters and glacial surroundings. A total of three hanging glaciers feed Ghepan Lake. It is unusual to see this kind of setting of glaciers feeding alpine lakes at this height, as it happens deep in the Himalayas, above 15,000 feet. The lake is a popular but challenging trekking destination, with the trek generally beginning from Sissu in the Lahaul Valley. Over the past three decades, rapid glacier melt has expanded the lake at an alarming pace, turning it into a serious threat for communities living downstream. A sudden collapse could release a huge volume of water, rocks, and debris, a type of disaster known as a glacial lake outburst flood. The widening of this lake is not an isolated event; it reflects the wider impacts of climate change in the Western Himalaya

Explanation - Attunli Hydroelectric Project is a 680 MW run-of-river hydropower project in the Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh. The project envisages an 85-metre concrete gravity dam across the Tangon (Talo) river, along with a 7.955 km head race tunnel, a 93-metre surge shaft, and twin pressure shafts. The underground powerhouse will be equipped with four 170 MW Francis turbines, while a tailrace tunnel will discharge water back into the river. It is expected to generate around 2,728 million units annually. The project was initially conceived by Attunli Hydro Electric Power Company Limited, a joint venture of Jindal Power and the Hydro Power Development Corporation of Arunachal Pradesh, before being allotted to Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN). SJVN is a collaborative venture between the government of India and the state government of Himachal Pradesh.

Explanation - Ramon Magsaysay award is named after Ramon Magsaysay, the third president (1953-57) of Philippines. It is given to individuals and organisations in Asia regardless of race, creed, sex, or nationality, who have achieved distinction in their respective fields. There are some instances where the winners came from Non-Asian countries, but accomplished something in Asia.

Explanation - Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves, estimated at over 300 billion barrels, roughly one-fifth of global reserves. Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest oil exporter, ranks second in reserves. Yet Venezuela produces only around 1 million barrels per day (bpd), compared to over 100 million bpd globally. Venezuela is a member of Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) but currently contributes only about 3.5% of OPEC’s exports and around 1% of global oil supplies. Why Production Lags Despite Massive Potential? Venezuela’s low output stems from: US sanctions constraining oil and gas exports A prolonged economic crisis Severe underinvestment and deteriorated oil infrastructure Together, these factors have sharply limited realisation of its resource potential.

Explanation - Ratle run-of-the-river (RoR) project is being constructed on the Chenab river in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indus Water treaty was signed in 1960 by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and then Pakistan President Ayub Khan. The six rivers of the Indus basin originate in Tibet and flow across the Himalayan ranges to end in the Arabian Sea south of Karachi. The three western rivers (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) were allocated to Pakistan while India was given control over the three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas and Sutlej). While India could use the western rivers for consumption purpose, restrictions were placed on building of storage systems. The treaty states that aside of certain specific cases, no storage and irrigation systems can be built by India on the western rivers. It was brokered by the World Bank. The Treaty also provides arbitration mechanism to solve disputes amicably. A Permanent Indus Commission was set up as a bilateral commission to implement and manage the Treaty. The Commission solves disputes arising over water sharing.