30th January 2025

Explanation: Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can have severe negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. They deplete oxygen in the water through their decomposition process, which can lead to fish kills and the death of other aquatic organisms. Additionally, HABs that bloom near the water surface can block sunlight from reaching organisms deeper in the water, further disrupting the ecosystem. These effects can significantly alter the balance of aquatic environments and potentially lead to long-term ecological changes.

Statement 1 is correct. UNRWA was established by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 to provide relief services for Palestinians displaced during the Arab-Israeli wars.
Statement 2 is correct. The General Assembly has repeatedly renewed UNRWA's mandate, most recently  extending it until 30 June 2026.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The agency's headquarters were moved from Beirut to Vienna in 1978, and then to Gaza Strip in 1996.
Statement 4 is correct. UNRWA is unique among UN agencies in that it delivers services directly to beneficiaries.

Statement 1 is incorrect. While the report notes a recovery from pandemic-induced learning loss, it does not indicate a full recovery in all aspects. Some learning levels in primary grades are higher than past levels in some cases, but not all. Statement 2 is incorrect. Government schools saw a sharper 7 percent surge in basic arithmetic skills, while private schools saw a rise of about 4 percent. Statement 3 is incorrect. The percentage of Class 5 children who can read a Class 2 level text in private schools (59.3% in 2024) has not yet reached pre-pandemic levels (65.1% in 2018).

Statement 1 is correct. The Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) and Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs) have, for the first time, systematically categorized 268 denotified, semi- nomadic, and nomadic tribes across India after three years of research. Statement 2 is correct. The Idate Commission's 2017 report identified 1,200 denotified, semi-nomadic, and nomadic tribes and highlighted 267 unclassified communities. This led the Indian government to form a Special Committee under the NITI Aayog in 2019, which assigned AnSI and TRIs the task of ethnographic classification.

Explanation: Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. The Nagoba Jatara is indeed celebrated by the Mesaram clan of Gond tribes in Telangana, dedicated to the snake deity 'Nagoba', and includes the 'Bheting' ceremony for new brides. Statement 4 is incorrect; it is the second biggest tribal festival in India, after the Sammakka Saralamma Jatara, also held in Telangana.