30th May 2026

Explanation - The National Health Accounts (NHA) is an official framework that tracks the flow of funds within India’s healthcare sector. It provides estimates of: Total health expenditure in the country. Government spending on healthcare. Household out-of-pocket expenditure. Private sector and insurance contributions. The NHA estimates are prepared by the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare using internationally accepted accounting standards developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The report helps policymakers assess whether healthcare financing is becoming more accessible, equitable, and affordable. It is also important for monitoring progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

Explanation - The Act includes establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers. The CCPA will be empowered to conduct investigations into violations of consumer rights and institute complaints/prosecution, order recall of unsafe goods and services, order discontinuance of unfair trade practices and misleading advertisements, impose penalties on manufacturers/endorsers/publishers of misleading advertisements. The rules for prevention of unfair trade practice by e-commerce platforms will also be covered under this Act. Under this act every e-commerce entity is required to provide information relating to return, refund, exchange, warranty and guarantee, delivery and shipment, modes of payment, grievance redressal mechanism, payment methods, security of payment methods, charge-back options, etc. including country of origin which are necessary for enabling the consumer to make an informed decision at the pre-purchase stage on its platform. The New Act also introduces the concept of product liability and brings within its scope, the product manufacturer, product service provider and product seller, for any claim for compensation. The Act provides for punishment by a competent court for manufacture or sale of adulterant/spurious goods. The court may, in case of first conviction, suspend any licence issued to the person for a period of up to two years, and in case of second or subsequent conviction, cancel the licence. District CDRC – Entertain complaints where value of goods and services does not exceed Rs 1 crore. State CDRC – Entertain complaints where the value is more than Rs 1 crore but does not exceed Rs 10 crore. National CDRC – Entertain complaints where the value exceeds Rs 10 crore.

Explanation - The PMAY-G was launched in April 2016 and aims to provide a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural families who are homeless or living in kutcha or dilapidated houses by the end of March 2022. The target is construction of 2.95 crore houses with all basic amenities by March 2022. Beneficiaries are people belonging to SCs/STs, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST categories, widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces, Disabled persons and Minorities. It is implemented in rural areas across the country except Delhi and Chandigarh. Beneficiaries of the rural houses are chosen according to data taken from the Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011, subject to 13 point exclusion criteria, followed by Gram Sabha verification. The Union Cabinet has approved the proposal of the Department of Rural Development for continuation of Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) beyond March 2021 wherein financial assistance is to be provided for the construction of the remaining 155.75 lakh houses, as on 31st March, 2021 under the scheme within total target of 2.95 crore houses.

Explanation - CISF is one of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) established under an Act of Parliament, “Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968”. CISF was established in 1969 to provide integrated security cover to certain sensitive public sector undertakings with a strength of only three battalions. The force has since grown into a premier multi-skilled organisation with a present strength of over 1.7 lakhs personnel. It works under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs and its’ headquarter is located at New Delhi. CISF has contingents deployed at United Nations Stabilisations Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). The specialised task of airport security was assigned to CISF in the year 2000 in the wake of hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC-814 to Kandahar. The CISF is the only Central Armed Police Force with a daily public interface; in the airports, in the Delhi Metro and in the iconic monuments.

Explanation - Sanchi Stupa was built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the third century BC. It enshrines religious relics or remains of the Buddha and his most revered disciples. The development of the Sanchi complex was supported by patronage from Vidisha’s mercantile community. It was in abject ruins when it was “discovered” by British officer Henry Taylor in 1818. Later on Alexander Cunningham, led the first formal survey and excavations at Sanchi in 1851. Structure — It is enclosed by a massive stone railing pierced by four gateways, which are adorned with elaborate carvings (known as Sanchi sculpture). The stupa itself consists of a base bearing a hemispherical dome (anda), symbolising the dome of heaven enclosing the earth. It is surmounted by a squared rail unit (harmika) representing the world mountain, from which rises a mast (yashti), symbolising the cosmic axis.  The mast bears umbrellas (chatras) that represent the various heavens (devaloka).