31st July 2025

Explanation: 
Statement 2 is incorrect. Flash floods are characterised by very fast rise and recession of flow of small volume and high discharge, which causes high damages because of suddenness. While flash floods commonly occur in mountainous and sloping regions where topography facilitates rapid runoff, they are not limited to only hilly regions. Flash floods can occur in various terrains including urban areas, dry plains, and lowland areas given sufficient rainfall intensity. They can occur anywhere downstream from the precipitation source, even many miles away. This occurs in hilly and not too hilly regions and sloping lands where heavy rainfall and thunderstorms or cloudbursts are common. 

Explanation: 
Developed by the Indian Meteorological Department, the Flash Flood Guidance is a robust system designed to provide the necessary information in real-time to support the development of warnings for flash floods about 6-12 hours in advance at the watershed level with resolution of 4km x 4km for the Flash Flood prone South Asian countries viz. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The system has in-depth science, dynamics and diagnostics to provide guidance for the possible occurrences of flash floods at local level. The model will provide forecasts by computing likelihood of rainfall and soil moisture levels to warn of possible floods. It will carry out forecasts by using combination of satellite mapping and ground-based observation. 

Explanation: 
Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar Initiative is a pan-India initiative of Ministry of Culture under National Mission on Cultural Mapping and was launched on 27th July 2023. It was launched as part of 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav'. The main objective of the project is to culturally map India's 6.5 lakh villages, spanning across all States and Union Territories, on a comprehensive virtual platform. The core idea behind this project is to encourage appreciation for India's culture and traditions, paving the way for economic growth, social harmony, and artistic development in rural communities. It is aimed at mapping India's intangible cultural assets. The programme is being implemented by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) under the National Mission on Cultural Mapping (NMCM). Under the MGMD, information is collected under seven broad categories including Arts and Crafts Village, Ecologically Oriented Village, Scholastic Village linked with Textual and Scriptural Traditions of India, Epic Village linked with Ramayana, Mahabharata and/or Puranic legends and oral epics, Historical Village linked with Local and National History, and Architectural Heritage Village. 

Explanation: 
It is the first national-level programme to formally integrate traditional scholars into the research ecosystem of IITs, without insisting on conventional degrees. It aims to bridge India's age-old gurukul tradition with modern scientific and academic inquiry. It is backed by the Ministry of Education and implemented by the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) division of the Central Sanskrit University (CSU). The scheme offers fellowships of up to Rs 65,000 per month across 18 interdisciplinary fields. Eligibility is based on a minimum of five years of rigorous study in a recognised gurukul and demonstrable excellence in Shastras or traditional knowledge. The maximum age to apply is 32 years (not 35 years). Scholars selected under Category 1 (equivalent to postgraduate level) will receive a monthly fellowship of Rs 40,000 and an annual research grant of Rs 1 lakh. Those under Category 2 (equivalent to PhD level) will be awarded Rs 65,000 monthly and an annual grant of Rs 2 lakh. 

Explanation: 
Global Tiger Day is celebrated on July 29 each year to create awareness for tiger conservation. It promotes a system to protect natural habitats of tigers and raise public awareness. This year, the Global Tiger Day is celebrated with the slogan, "Securing the future of Tigers with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities at the heart". Saint Petersburg Summit - The summit (in 2010) was held to increase the awareness about declining tiger population in the world. Also, the leaders attended the summit pledged to make efforts to double the tiger population by 2022.