Consider the following statements with reference to bioremediation -
- It can be applied to break down pollutants such as oil, plastics, and toxic heavy metals.
- In-situ bioremediation involves removing contaminated material to a facility for treatment under controlled conditions.
- Synthetic biology applications in bioremediation include genetically modified microbes and biosensing organisms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Bioremediation literally means "restoring life through biology." It relies on naturally occurring or engineered microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, algae, or plants to break down dangerous pollutants into harmless by-products. These pollutants range from oil and pesticides to plastics and toxic heavy metals. Microbes metabolise pollutants as food, converting them into water, carbon dioxide, or organic acids, while certain organisms transform metals into safer, non-leaching forms. In Situ Bioremediation — Treatment occurs directly at the contaminated site. Examples include oil-eating bacteria deployed over ocean spills. Ex Situ Bioremediation — Contaminated soil or water is removed, treated in a facility, and then returned. This approach allows controlled treatment for complex pollutant mixtures. Modern bioremediation blends traditional microbiology with advanced biotechnology, enabling precise identification of biomolecules and replication of microbes tailored for specific environments like sewage systems or agricultural fields. Synthetic biology has introduced — GM microbes for tough pollutants such as plastics and oil residues, Biosensing organisms that change colour or fluoresce when detecting toxins, aiding early warnings and monitoring.
Bioremediation literally means "restoring life through biology." It relies on naturally occurring or engineered microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, algae, or plants to break down dangerous pollutants into harmless by-products. These pollutants range from oil and pesticides to plastics and toxic heavy metals. Microbes metabolise pollutants as food, converting them into water, carbon dioxide, or organic acids, while certain organisms transform metals into safer, non-leaching forms. In Situ Bioremediation — Treatment occurs directly at the contaminated site. Examples include oil-eating bacteria deployed over ocean spills. Ex Situ Bioremediation — Contaminated soil or water is removed, treated in a facility, and then returned. This approach allows controlled treatment for complex pollutant mixtures. Modern bioremediation blends traditional microbiology with advanced biotechnology, enabling precise identification of biomolecules and replication of microbes tailored for specific environments like sewage systems or agricultural fields. Synthetic biology has introduced — GM microbes for tough pollutants such as plastics and oil residues, Biosensing organisms that change colour or fluoresce when detecting toxins, aiding early warnings and monitoring.
