7th August 2024

Explanation - The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is not an initiative launched by the World Health Organisation (WHO). It is an independent organisation that was launched at the United Nations in 2002 to tackle malnutrition. The primary focus of GAIN is to improve the consumption of nutritious and safe food for all people, particularly those in vulnerable populations. GAIN works in partnership with both the public and private sectors to implement its programs, leveraging a broad coalition to address malnutrition.

Explanation - The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations. Its primary mission is to lead international efforts in the fight against hunger and to promote sustainable agricultural practices. FAO's work encompasses a wide range of areas including food security, nutrition, agricultural production, fisheries, forestry, and more. The organisation plays a crucial role in global efforts to address the challenges of food security and sustainable development.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. Harry Brignull, a user experience specialist, coined the term "Dark Patterns" in 2010.
• Statement 2 is correct. Dark Patterns exploit cognitive biases and psychological principles to subtly nudge users towards specific actions.
• Statement 3 is correct. The Department of Consumer Affairs in India released guidelines in November 2023, classifying certain Dark Patterns as misleading advertisements, unfair trade practices, or violations of consumer rights.
• Statement 4 is incorrect. The primary objective of Dark Patterns is to benefit the company implementing them, often at the expense of the user's best interests. They are designed to manipulate users.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. The Supreme Court in 2018 held that the LG is bound by the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers in matters where the Legislative Assembly has the power to make laws.
• Statement 2 is correct. The Supreme Court in 2023 held that the power of the LG to nominate 10 persons to the MCD is a statutory duty attached to his office, implying it's a discretionary power.
• Statement 3 is correct. Article 239AA of the Constitution states that in case of a disagreement between the LG and the Ministers, the matter shall be referred to the President for a decision.
• Statement 4 is correct. Article 239AB empowers the President to suspend provisions related to the administration of NCT of Delhi if it cannot be carried out in accordance with the constitutional provisions.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct as India relies heavily on imports for laboratory chemicals due to the limited domestic production of niche and high-purity chemicals required for research.
• Statement 2 is correct because laboratory chemicals are regulated due to their potential hazards and to prevent their misuse for commercial purposes.
• Statement 4 is correct as the withdrawal of the customs duty hike will make imported chemicals more affordable, benefiting research institutions and industries reliant on them.