7th March 2026

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: GPS spoofing does not block original signals — that is jamming. Spoofing involves transmitting fake satellite signals to override genuine ones, making the receiver act on false navigation information.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The spoofed signals are amplified (stronger), not weaker. Since GPS satellite signals are inherently weak, the receiver considers the amplified spoofed signals as authentic, leading to incorrect calculations of position, altitude, time, and speed.
• Statement 3 is correct: GPS spoofing is predominantly reported in conflict zones like the Black Sea region, West Asia and the Middle East, and areas of military action or electronic warfare. IATA recorded 4.3 lakh cases of GPS jamming or spoofing over conflict zones in 2024, up 62% from 2023.

Explanation:

• Option B is correct: The brain co-processor aims to decode brain activity from neural recordings, process it with an AI algorithm, and re-encode signals back into the brain via neural stimulation or neurofeedback — helping restore complex sensorimotor function after stroke.
• The project is a multidisciplinary endeavour by IISc's Brain, Computation and Data Science initiative, funded by the Pratiksha Trust. It will focus on cognitive rehabilitation of stroke survivors to restore goal-directed reach and grasp abilities.
• Options A, C, and D describe different objectives and are not aligned with the project's stated mission.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: First held in 2016, the Raisina Dialogue has emerged as India's flagship conference on geoeconomics and geopolitics, hosting global leaders in policy, business, media, and civil society.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The conference is hosted by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) in collaboration with the Ministry of External Affairs — not the President's Secretariat. The name 'Raisina' comes from Raisina Hill, the seat of the Government of India where Rashtrapati Bhavan is located.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Under UNCLOS, the EEZ allows coastal states to freely exploit resources like fisheries and seabed mining without territorial rights over the zone.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The concept of 'innocent passage' applies in Territorial Waters (12 nautical miles), not the EEZ. Under India's 1976 law, "all foreign ships shall enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial waters."
• Statement 3 is correct: UNCLOS does not permit continental states like India to claim Straight Baselines — this right is reserved only for archipelago states like Indonesia or the Philippines.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: UNCLOS was adopted in 1982 to establish jurisdictional limits over ocean areas, defining a 12 nautical mile Territorial Sea and a 200 nautical mile EEZ.
• Statement 2 is correct: UNCLOS provides for technology and wealth transfer from developed to underdeveloped nations and requires parties to implement regulations to control marine pollution.
• Statement 3 is correct: UNCLOS delineates the Exclusive Economic Zone — a 200 nautical mile limit within which coastal states can exploit resources.
• Statement 4 is incorrect: India is a full signatory/member of UNCLOS, having signed it in 1982 — not an associate member.