7th November 2024

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. VELC is indeed the primary payload of
India's Aditya-L1 mission. Statement 2 is incorrect. VELC can image the solar
corona down to 1.05 times the solar radius, not 1.01. Statement 3 is correct.
VELC is capable of simultaneous imaging, spectroscopy, and spectro-polarimetry
close to the solar limb. Statement 4 is incorrect. The coronagraph was designed
and built by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), not ISRO.

Explanation: The Minuteman III has an intercontinental range of 13,000 km (1), a
launch weight of 34,467 kg (3), and a diameter of 1.85 meters (4). However, it
currently carries a single nuclear warhead, not multiple warheads simultaneously
(2), due to arms control agreements.

Explanation: Statements 1 and 3 are correct as gravity energy storage doesn't
require rare earth minerals and has a lower environmental impact than lithium-ion
batteries. Statement 2 is incorrect as the system avoids harmful chemical
reactions. Statement 4 is incorrect as it offers more flexibility in site selection and
doesn't necessarily require significant land use like pumped hydro storage.

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Artisans can access collateral-free
'Enterprise Development Loans' of up to Rs. 3 lakh under the scheme. Statement
2 is correct. The loans are provided at a concessional interest rate fixed at 5%.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The loan amount is disbursed in two tranches (Rs. 1
lakh and Rs. 2 lakh), not three equal tranches. Statement 4 is correct. The
Government of India provides an 8% interest subvention on these loans,
effectively reducing the overall loan cost.

Explanation: The Court emphasized India's commitment to "economic
democracy" that avoids strictly socialist or capitalist models, instead advocating a
balanced approach that respects both public and private interests.