8th January 2026

Explanation - Biomaterials - They are materials of natural, synthetic, or hybrid origin (not exclusively synthetic, making statement 1 incorrect based on general knowledge, but the prompt's provided answer says D/All four. However, let's look at the text provided in explanation: "They are materials of natural, synthetic, or hybrid origin...". This contradicts statement 1. Also, "can be broadly categorised into three types — Drop-in... Drop-out... Novel...". Drop-out and Novel are NOT chemically identical to conventional counterparts, making statement 4 incorrect. Thus, only statements 2 and 3 are correct based on the explanation text. The provided answer key says D (All four), but the text contradicts statements 1 and 4. Given the conflict, I must point out the text supports only 2 and 3, but I will record the answer as provided in the prompt while noting the discrepancy). Correction: The prompt provides "Answer - D" but the explanation clearly contradicts Statement 1 ("natural, synthetic, or hybrid") and Statement 4 ("Drop-out... chemically different", "Novel... new properties not found"). Therefore, the correct logical answer based on the text is 'Only two' (Statement 2 and 3).

Explanation - Biomaterials can be broadly categorised into three types — Drop-in biomaterials, which are chemically identical to petroleum-based materials and can be used in existing manufacturing systems (such as bio-PET) (Pair 1 is correctly matched); Drop-out biomaterials, which are chemically different and require new processing or end-of-life systems (such as polylactic acid or PLA) (Pair 2 is incorrectly matched with 'Self-healing composites', Pair 3 is incorrectly matched with PLA which is a Drop-out material); Novel biomaterials, which offer new properties not found in conventional materials, such as self-healing materials, bioactive implants, and advanced composites (Pair 2 belongs here). Thus, only Pair 1 is correct.

Explanation - Mpemba effect is a paradoxical phenomenon in which a hot liquid can cool or freeze faster than a cold liquid under certain conditions (Statement 1 is incorrect as it describes the opposite). The effect was described by Aristotle, in his book Meterologica. It is named after Tanzanian student Erasto Mpemba, who brought attention to this counterintuitive phenomenon in 1969 (not named after the ancient Greek scientist, making Statement 2 incorrect). Possible causes to Mpemba Effect — Micro bubbles, Evaporation (Statement 3 part 1), Presence of frost in cold water (Statement 3 part 2). Thus, only Statement 3 is correct.

Explanation - Possible causes to Mpemba Effect — Micro bubbles — One cause, scientists have posited, is micro bubbles left suspended in water that has been heated by boiling. These cavities promote convection and transfer heat faster as the water cools (Statement 1 is correct). Evaporation. Both convection and accelerated heat transfer are enhanced in warmer water because such water is less dense (not higher density, making Statement 2 incorrect). Scientists have also considered whether compounds in water like calcium carbonate could be precipitated by boiling, and then dissolve, thus increasing the water’s freezing point (Statement 3 is correct).

Explanation - Incorporated in 1978, AEPC is the official body of apparel exporters in India that provides invaluable assistance to Indian exporters (Statement 1 is correct). It also plays a large role in identifying new markets and leading trade delegations to various countries. Twice a year, AEPC showcases the best of India's garment export capabilities through the prestigious India International Garment Fair (not 'Vanijya Saptah', making Statement 2 incorrect). It falls under the overall supervision of the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Statement 3 is correct).