8th October 2025

Explanation – The Commission for Air Quality Management was created as an overarching body to consolidate various agencies involved in monitoring and managing air quality in the Delhi-NCR region. This new commission replaced the Supreme Court-appointed Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA), which had been active for 22 years. While it supersedes many bodies for NCR air quality management, it does not supersede the National Green Tribunal (NGT). In fact, the Bill specifies that appeals against the Commission's orders can be made to the NGT, not the Supreme Court, making statement 3 incorrect. 

Explanation – The Cassini-Huygens mission was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), launched in 1997, not 2016, making statement 1 incorrect. The Huygens probe did successfully land on Saturn's largest moon, Titan, in 2005. However, Cassini was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn, not the first, making statement 3 incorrect. 

Explanation – The Clean Slate Doctrine, a key principle of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), ensures that a new owner of a resolved company is not liable for any pre-existing debts or penalties, providing a fresh start. In landmark cases like Essar Steel India and Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction, the Supreme Court has affirmed that once a resolution plan is approved, all prior liabilities, including government dues like taxes, are extinguished if not included in the plan. The doctrine aims to bring all claims under a single unified system, meaning no party can initiate or continue legal proceedings for claims not part of the approved plan, which makes statement 3 incorrect. 

Explanation – This is the first dedicated Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for passive electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, and speakers. The scheme offers three incentive structures: turnover-linked, capex-linked (for investments in plant & machinery), and a hybrid model, making statement 2 incorrect. Employment generation is a mandatory requirement for all applicants. The manufacturing of active components like semiconductors is covered under the separate India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), not this scheme. Therefore, only statements 1 and 3 are correct. 

Explanation – Presumptive taxation simplifies the tax regime by calculating taxable income as a fixed percentage of gross revenue, which reduces compliance burdens and provides certainty for businesses. India currently uses this method in specific sectors, including electronics manufacturing services (where 25% of gross payments are considered profit) and non-resident cruise operators (20% of gross receipts deemed as profit). NITI Aayog has indeed proposed extending this principle to other sectors, particularly those involving digital services, technology, and offshore supply, where tax disputes are more frequent.