13th June 2025

Consider the following statements regarding the institutional framework established under the Dharti Aba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyaan (DAJGUA) for Forest Rights Act implementation: 

1. The district-level FRA cells derive their operational authority directly from The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, rather than from subsidiary programme guidelines. 
2. These cells are empowered to make binding decisions on forest rights claims independently of the statutory committees mandated under the principal legislation. 

Which of the above statements is/are correct? 

Consider the following statements regarding the heat-tolerant pigeonpea variety ICPV 25444 and India's pulse production scenario: 

1. The ICPV 25444 variety developed using speed breeding technique can withstand temperatures up to 45°C and utilize 12 million hectares of rice fallows, potentially doubling yields from 1.1-1.2 to 2 tonnes per hectare while reducing harvest time to 4 months 
2. This development could significantly impact India's pigeonpea imports costing USD 800 million annually by bridging the 1.5 million tonne domestic production shortfall, supporting the Union Budget 2025-26's 6-year Mission for Self-Reliance in Pulses 
3. Under the Price Support Scheme (PSS), the government ensures procurement of notified pulses at Minimum Support Price (MSP) when market prices fall below MSP, with Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan being the top three pulse-producing states 
4. Speed breeding technology enables 4 crop generations per year by controlling light, temperature, and humidity, cutting development time from 15 to 5 years and improving crop rotation profitability 

Which of the above statements is/are correct? 

Examine the following statements about Sant Kabir Das and his contributions to medieval Indian literature and philosophy: 

1. Sant Kabir Das (1440-1518), born in Varanasi, was a proponent of Nirguna Bhakti tradition who received spiritual guidance from both Ramananda, a Bhakti saint, and Sheikh Taqi, a Sufi teacher, reflecting the syncretic nature of his spiritual development 
2. His literary works composed in Brajbhasha, Awadhi, and Sant Bhasha included distinctive "ulatbansi" paradoxical verses, with major compilations like Kabir Bijak preserved by Kabirpanth and Kabir Granthawali associated with Dadupanth sect 
3. Many of Kabir's verses were included in the Guru Granth Sahib compiled by Guru Arjan Dev, the 5th Sikh Guru, demonstrating his cross-religious influence and the foundation he laid for the Kabir Panth spiritual sect 
4. His self-identification as "julaha" (weaver) and "kori" reflected his solidarity with marginalized communities while challenging religious orthodoxy, blind rituals, and social divisions through emphasis on truth, compassion, and equality 

Which of the above statements is/are correct? 

Analyze the following statements concerning AI applications in healthcare and regulatory frameworks in India: 

1. The Garbhini-GA2 AI model developed by Indian researchers demonstrates superior accuracy in fetal age prediction with an error margin of half a day compared to conventional methods that have up to 7 days error, representing a significant advancement in prenatal care technology 
2. The ICMR's "Ethical Guidelines for Application of AI in Biomedical Research and Healthcare" released in March 2023 encompasses 10 patient-centric principles including accountability, autonomy, and data privacy, while the Digital Information Security in Healthcare Act (DISHA) proposed in 2017 remains unenacted 
3. AI-powered platforms like iOncology.ai at AIIMS Delhi for breast and ovarian cancer detection and Mumbai-based Qure.ai for TB, pneumonia, and lung cancer detection from chest X-rays exemplify successful implementation of diagnostic AI in Indian healthcare institutions 

Which of the above statements is/are correct? 

Consider the following statements regarding India's performance in gender parity metrics and related constitutional provisions: 

1. India's decline from 129th to 131st position in the Global Gender Gap Report 2025 was primarily attributed to deteriorating performance in Political Empowerment subindex, where women's parliamentary representation decreased despite the enactment of the Constitution (106th Amendment) Act, 2023 
2. The Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex showed marginal improvement with income parity rising from 28.6% to 29.9%, while the Educational Attainment subindex maintained near-parity at 97.1%, indicating successful implementation of schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao 

Which of the above statements is/are correct?