6th May 2026

Explanation -
NOTAM is an official alert issued to pilots and airlines about temporary changes or hazards in flight operations—such as airspace closures, route changes, or construction—that may affect flight safety or planning.

NOTAMs are issued by the civil aviation authority of a country.

In India, it is issued by the Airports Authority of India (AAI).

These notices are then distributed through international aviation networks to inform pilots and airlines globally.

Explanation -
It is a multilateral development bank established on 19th December 1966.

It is the principal international development finance institution for the Asia-Pacific region.

It envisions a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty in the region.

Its membership is open to other regional countries and non-regional developed countries that are members of the U.N. or of any of its specialised agencies.

Members — 69 (50 regional, 19 non-regional).
Headquarters — Manila, Philippines.

Governance —

• Board of Governors: One representative from each member country; top policy making body.
• Board of Directors: Twelve directors manage operations; eight from regional members, four from non-regional members.
• President: Chairs the Board of Directors and manages ADB

Voting System: Weighted voting based on each country's capital contribution.
Key Shareholders: Five shareholders are Japan and the USA (each with 15.6% of total shares), China (6.4%), India (6.3%), and Australia (5.8%).

Functions of Asian Development Bank —

• Provides Loans: It provides loans and grants to member countries for development projects in infrastructure, social sectors, and environmental sustainability.
• Technical Assistance: It offers technical assistance and advisory services to improve policy-making, governance, and institutional capacity.
• Regional Cooperation: It promotes regional cooperation and integration by funding cross-border projects and encouraging trade and investment.

Supports private sector: It supports development of private sector by providing financing, guarantees, equity, and mezzanine funds for socially beneficial projects.

Explanation -
The hantaviruses are a family of viruses spread mainly by rodents.

A person can get infected if he/she comes in contact with a rodent that carries the virus.

It remains unclear whether human-to-human transmission of the virus is possible.

A person infected with the virus may show symptoms within the first to eighth week after they have been exposed to fresh urine, faeces or the saliva of infected rodents.

Explanation -
Ownership to land that is being farmed by tribals or forest dwellers subject to a maximum of 4 hectares; ownership is only for land that is actually being cultivated by the concerned family (as on December 13, 2005 and not thereafter), meaning that no new lands are granted.

Eligibility to get rights under the Act is confined to those who "primarily reside in forests" and who depend on forests and forest land for a livelihood.

Further, either the claimant must be a member of the Scheduled Tribes scheduled in that area or must have been residing in the forest for 75 years.

Explanation -
Both are correct.

Title rights – Ownership to land that is being farmed by tribals or forest dwellers subject to a maximum of 4 hectares; ownership is only for land that is actually being cultivated by the concerned family (as on December 13, 2005 and not thereafter), meaning that no new lands are granted.

Section 2(i) of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 defines a Minor Forest Produce (MFP) as all non-timber forest produce of plant origin and includes bamboo, brushwood, stumps, canes, Tusser, cocoon, honey, waxes, Lac, tendu/kendu leaves, medicinal plants and herbs, roots, tuber and the like.