With reference to the cybersecurity measures in high-security facilities, consider the following statements regarding Air-Gapped Networks -
- An air-gapped network is a security protocol that relies on advanced encryption to logically segregate critical operational data from public data streams.
- The Stuxnet incident is an example of how even physically isolated networks can be compromised through external vectors like infected USB devices.
- In a nuclear facility, the Operational Technology (OT) network is typically designated for administrative functions, while the Information Technology (IT) network manages critical plant operations.
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Explanation - High-security facilities such as nuclear power plants generally operate using air-gapped networks. An air-gapped network is a computer network that is physically isolated from unsecured external networks, including the public internet. This physical separation significantly reduces the risk of remote cyber intrusions into critical operational systems. Typically, nuclear facilities maintain two separate networks: Operational Technology (OT) Network: Controls reactors, turbines, and other critical plant operations. Information Technology (IT) Network: Supports administrative functions such as communication, documentation, procurement, and personnel management. While air-gapping provides an important layer of protection, it is not completely foolproof. Malware can still enter through infected USB devices, compromised maintenance equipment, insider threats, or phishing attacks targeting users connected to the administrative network. Globally, even air-gapped systems have been compromised in incidents such as the Stuxnet attack on Iran's nuclear programme, the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station breach (USA), and cyber intrusions into classified military networks.
Explanation - High-security facilities such as nuclear power plants generally operate using air-gapped networks. An air-gapped network is a computer network that is physically isolated from unsecured external networks, including the public internet. This physical separation significantly reduces the risk of remote cyber intrusions into critical operational systems. Typically, nuclear facilities maintain two separate networks: Operational Technology (OT) Network: Controls reactors, turbines, and other critical plant operations. Information Technology (IT) Network: Supports administrative functions such as communication, documentation, procurement, and personnel management. While air-gapping provides an important layer of protection, it is not completely foolproof. Malware can still enter through infected USB devices, compromised maintenance equipment, insider threats, or phishing attacks targeting users connected to the administrative network. Globally, even air-gapped systems have been compromised in incidents such as the Stuxnet attack on Iran's nuclear programme, the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station breach (USA), and cyber intrusions into classified military networks.
