16th August 2024

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. Captagon was indeed initially developed in Germany in the 1960s and 1970s for the treatment of attention deficit disorders.
• Statement 2 is correct. Fenethylline is the primary active ingredient in Captagon, and it is metabolized into amphetamine and theophylline, both of which contribute to its stimulant effects.
• Statement 3 is correct. Syria has emerged as the major hub for Captagon production and export, raising concerns for countries in the Middle East, particularly Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, though Lebanon is also significantly impacted.
• Statement 4 is incorrect. While caffeine is present in Captagon, its addictive properties are primarily due to the amphetamine released during the metabolism of fenethylline. Amphetamine is a potent stimulant with a high potential for addiction.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. The power to designate Senior Advocates lies exclusively with the Supreme Court of India as per the Advocates Act, 1961.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. A Senior Advocate cannot directly accept briefs from clients; they must work in conjunction with an Advocate-on-Record.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. The age limit is 45 years, but it can be relaxed by the Committee or if recommended by the CJI or a Supreme Court judge.
• Statement 4 is correct. The Committee uses a point system to assess candidates, taking into account various factors like years of practice, reported judgments, and domain expertise.

Explanation - Sri Aurobindo was indeed a key leader during the early years of the Indian nationalist movement. He was known for advocating passive resistance and a more radical approach to gaining independence from British rule. Sri Aurobindo developed the spiritual philosophy of Integral Yoga, which integrates spiritual practice with the modern lifestyle, emphasising a holistic approach to self-development and spiritual growth. Sri Aurobindo was associated with the publication of "Arya," a philosophical monthly journal that he co-founded and where he published many of his philosophical writings.

Explanation - Bhojtal and the Lower Lake. It is a manmade reservoir. Bhoj Wetland was

recognised as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention of 1971 in 2002.

Explanation - Dengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of an infected female Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The mosquito becomes infected when it feeds on the blood of a person infected with the virus. After about one week, the mosquito can then transmit the virus while biting a healthy person. There are 4 serotypes of the virus that causes dengue. These are known as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4. Type II and IV are considered to be more severe and may require hospitalisation. Infection with one strain will provide life-time protection only against that particular strain. However, it is still possible to become infected by other strains and develop into severe dengue. Dengue cannot be spread directly from person to person. However, a person infected and suffering from dengue fever can infect other mosquitoes. There is no vaccine or specific medication for dengue fever. Patients should seek medical advice, rest and drink plenty of fluids.