18th December 2024

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. IPF is characterized by irreversible scarring of lung tissue, not reversible scarring6. Statement 2 is correct. Patients with IPF have a 3- to 6-fold higher risk of venous thromboembolism compared to individuals without IPF. Statement 3 is incorrect. Corticosteroids are not the primary or most effective treatment for IPF. The mainstay therapies are oral antifibrotic drugs like pirfenidone and nintedanib6. Statement 4 is correct. Unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation is the only treatment for IPF shown to increase life expectancy.

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. CHARAK (Community Health — A Responsive Action for Koylanchal) is an innovative health-centric Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative aimed at providing free treatment for identified life-threatening diseases to economically weaker sections in the Singrauli region10. Statement 2 is correct. The initiative covers diseases such as malignancy, tuberculosis, HIV, cardiovascular diseases, organ transplant, and various other life-threatening conditions. Statement 3 is incorrect. The eligibility criteria include residents of both Singrauli and Sonbhadra districts with an annual family income below

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. While the ISFTA has enhanced trade partnership between India and Sri Lanka, India is not Sri Lanka's largest export destination. India is Sri Lanka's third-largest export destination, with over 60% of exports benefiting from the ISFTA
Statement 2 is correct. During the recent visit of Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake to India, both countries agreed to explore a framework agreement on defence cooperation, including augmenting Sri Lanka's defence capabilities and enhancing maritime surveillance

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Article 44 of the Constitution does not mandate the implementation of a UCC but states that the state shall endeavour to secure a UCC. It is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, which are not enforceable by courts
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Constituent Assembly did not unanimously support the inclusion of UCC in the Constitution. There were debates and opposition from various members, including concerns raised by representatives of religious minorities
Statement 3 is correct. K.M. Munshi indeed viewed the UCC as essential for national unity and modernisation, linking it to national integration and urging for the abandonment of an "isolationist outlook

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. The Indra Sawhney judgment (1992) did not prohibit the use of religion as a criterion for granting reservations. Instead, it clarified that while religion, race, caste, and other group identities were relevant, they could not be the sole criterion for granting reservations
Statement 2 is correct. The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, specifically states that individuals professing religions other than Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism cannot be considered Scheduled Castes, implying that those professing these three religions can be considered as such