18th July 2024

Explanation - As per Article 109 of the Indian Constitution, a Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha can only suggest amendments and must return the Bill within 14

days. If the Rajya Sabha fails to return the Bill within this period, it is deemed to have passed.

Before a Money Bill is introduced in Parliament, the President's recommendation is required under Article 117 of the Indian Constitution. Only the Minister of Finance can introduce a Money Bill in the Lok Sabha. Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha and not in the Rajya Sabha.

Explanation - It is a Centrally Sponsored scheme announced in 2022. Objective — Development

of more than 14500 schools across the country by strengthening selected existing schools

being managed by Central Government/ State/ UT Government/ local bodies. The duration of the

scheme is from 2022-23 to 2026-27, after which it shall be the responsibility of the States/UTs to

continue to maintain the benchmarks achieved by these schools.

Features —

• The selected schools will act as exemplar schools showcasing all components of the

National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) and offering mentorship to other schools in their

vicinity.

• The PM SHRI Schools will be developed as Green Schools, incorporating environmentfriendly

aspects.

• The pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated,

play/toy-based (particularly in the foundational years), inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented,

learner-centric, discussion-based, flexible and enjoyable.

• The focus will be on the learning outcomes of every child in every grade.
• Assessment at all levels will be based on conceptual understanding and application of

knowledge to real-life situations and will be competency-based.

• Linkage with Sector Skill Councils and local industry for enhancing employability and

providing better employment opportunities will be explored.

• A School Quality Assessment Framework (SQAF) is being developed, specifying the key

performance indicators to measure outcomes. Quality evaluation of these schools at regular

intervals will be undertaken to ensure the desired standards.

Explanation - The Government, in January 2015, replaced Planning Commission with NITI Aayog

(National Institution for Transforming India). Aim - to achieve Sustainable Development Goals and to enhance cooperative federalism by fostering the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach. Role of NITI Aayog – The institution has to provide governments at the central and state levels with relevant strategic and technical advice across the spectrum of key elements of policy. This includes matters of national and international importance on the economic front, dissemination of best practices from within the country as well as from other nations, the infusion of new policy ideas and specific issue based support. The institution has to be able to respond to the changing and more integrated world that India is part of.

Explanation: This is the fundamental difference. Money Bills are a subset of Financial Bills, with stricter criteria for classification.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: NITI Aayog was formed by a resolution of the Union Cabinet, not a constitutional amendment.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The ex-officio members of NITI Aayog are nominated by the Prime Minister and may change with cabinet reshuffles. The agriculture minister is not always included.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Vice-Chairperson of NITI Aayog holds the rank of a Cabinet Minister.

Statement 4 is correct: The Governing Council of NITI Aayog includes Chief Ministers of all States and Union Territories