18th November 2024

Explanation - The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (NRF) aims to foster,
strengthen, and promote scientific research in India. The NRF functions under the
Department of Science and Technology, not directly under the Ministry of Science and
Technology. One of the key objectives of the NRF is to fund research projects across various disciplines, including science, technology, and humanities. The NRF was
established through an act of Parliament to ensure its statutory status and function.

Explanation - The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic
forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific.
APEC’s 21 members aim to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by
promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and secure growth and by
accelerating regional economic integration. Only India is not the member of APEC.

Explanation - There are no binding commitments or treaty obligations. Commitments are
undertaken on a voluntary basis and capacity building projects help members implement
APEC initiatives. India did not make any such request.

Explanation:
GRADED RESPONSE ACTION PLAN (GRAP) FOR NCR:
Stage - | 'Poor' (AQl 201 - 300),
Stage - ll 'Very Poor (AQl 301- 400),
Stage - lll 'Severe'(AOl 40r450) and
Stage - lV'Severe +'(AQl >450)
Under GRAP Stage IV, only electric, CNG, and BS-VI diesel light commercial vehicles
registered outside Delhi are allowed to enter the city, provided they are carrying essential
commodities or providing essential services.

Explanation - The PCI was first set up in 1966 by the parliament on the
recommendations of the First Press Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J.R
Mudholkar. The present council functions under the Press Council Act 1978. It is a
statutory, quasi-judicial body that acts as a watchdog of the press in India. Composition
—
 It consists of a Chairman and 28 other members.
 The Chairman is nominated by a committee consisting of Chairman of Rajya Sabha,
the Speaker of Lok Sabha, and one representative of the council
 The Chairman, by convention, has been a retired judge of the Supreme Court.
 The term of the Chairman and the members of the Council is 3 years.
It adjudicates the complaints either against the Press for violation of journalistic ethics or
by the Press for interference with its freedom. The council shall have the same powers
throughout India as are vested in a Civil court while trying a suit under the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908. Every inquiry held by the council shall be deemed to be a judicial
proceeding under sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code. The decision of the
council is final and cannot be challenged in any court of law.