19th December 2024

Explanation: This answer best describes the process for removal of judges in India. Under Articles 124 and 217 of the Constitution, a Supreme Court or High Court judge can be removed by the President on grounds of 'proved misbehaviour' or 'incapacity'. The motion must be passed in both Houses of Parliament by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting in the same session (Special Majority). The Judges Inquiry Act, 1968 elaborates on the procedure, which includes the formation of a three-member committee to investigate the complaint if the motion is admitted. This process ensures a high bar for impeachment to protect the independence of the judiciary.

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. The reforms aim to implement an election-style examination framework for national entrance tests, drawing parallels with the general election process to ensure transparency and efficiency. Statement 2 is correct. District-level committees led by district magistrates will ensure the identification of secure testing centres and develop strategies for question paper transportation. Statement 3 is incorrect. The NIC will collaborate with Kendriya and Navodaya Vidyalayas to develop digital infrastructure, not solely provide it.

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. Ambedkar, while advocating for Article 35 (now Article 44), refrained from discussing the merits or demerits of implementing a UCC immediately. He defended its inclusion in the DPSP but did not argue for immediate implementation. Statement 2 is correct. Ambedkar highlighted the existence of a uniform legal system in areas such as criminal law, enforced through the Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code, as evidence of the feasibility of uniform laws. Statement 3 is correct. Ambedkar challenged the claim that Muslim personal law had always been uniform across India, citing examples of regions where Hindu law was followed in certain matters until relatively recently.

Explanation - Cyclones originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans. These are ferocious storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas and move over to the coastal areas causing violent winds, very heavy rainfall, and storm outpourings. They are known as - Cyclones in the Indian Ocean; Hurricanes in the Atlantic; Typhoons in the Western Pacific and the South China Sea, and; Willy-willies in Western Australia.
Formation of a cyclone - The energy that strengthens the cyclonic storm comes from the condensation process in the towering cumulonimbus clouds, surrounding the centre of the storm. With an uninterrupted supply of moisture from the sea, the storm is again strengthened. On reaching the terrestrial region the moisture supply is cut off and the storm dissipates. The place where a tropical cyclone cuts the coast is called the landfall of the cyclone. Eye - A mature tropical cyclone is characterised by the strong spirally circulating wind around the centre which is called the eye. The eye is an area with calm weather descending air. It is characterised by light winds and clear skies.

Explanation - The ISA was conceptualised on the sidelines of COP21 in Paris in 2015 as a collaborative initiative between India and France. The headquarters of the ISA is located in Gurugram, India. The ISA aims to unite global efforts in combating climate change through the implementation of solar energy solutions. The mission of the ISA is guided by the ‘Towards 1000’ strategy, which focuses on three key goals —
• Mobilising USD 1,000 billion of investments in solar energy by 2030.
• Providing energy access to 1,000 million people
• Achieving the installation of 1,000 GW of solar energy capacity.
The ISA Assembly is the apex decision-making body of the organisation. It plays a crucial role in shaping policies and overseeing the implementation of the ISA’s Framework Agreement.
Currently, the ISA has 104 member countries and 16 signatory countries. The ISA Framework Agreement came into force in 2017. Following its amendment in 2020, all United Nations member states became eligible to join the ISA.