2nd December 2024

Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect as silica exists in both crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous) forms. Statement 2 is correct; the NGT has directed the CPCB to prepare guidelines for silica sand mining. Statement 3 is correct; silica mining can indeed lead to habitat fragmentation and altered soil composition. Statement 4 is correct; silica gel is a non-crystalline form of silica used as a desiccant.

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as Handigodu Syndrome is endemic to the Malnad region in Karnataka. Statement 3 is correct as the syndrome is indeed classified into three types based on anthropometric and X-ray analysis. Statement 2 is incorrect as HS is not caused by a bacterial infection; it is a degenerative osteoarthropathy. Statement 4 is incorrect as HS is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, not recessive.

Explanation - Tato-I Hydroelectric Project will be located in Shi Yomi District of Arunachal Pradesh. The project, with an installed capacity of 186 MW (3 x 62 MW), is expected to be completed in 50 months and will generate 802 million units (MU) of electricity annually. The power

generated will improve the power supply in Arunachal Pradesh and contribute to balancing the national grid. It will be developed through a joint venture between the North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Ltd. (NEEPCO) and the Arunachal Pradesh government. The Central Government will provide ₹77.37 crore for infrastructure such as roads, bridges and transmission lines, along with ₹120.43 crore in financial assistance for the state’s equity share. Arunachal Pradesh will receive 12% of the generated power for free, with an additional 1% allocated to a Local Area Development Fund (LADF).

Explanation - K-4 ballistic Missile is a nuclear-capable ballistic missile with a range of around 3,500 km. It is a solid-fuelled missile which was tested at least five times in the last few years from submersible platforms. The successful launch of the K-4 missile adds another layer of strength to India’s nuclear triad, which includes land-based missiles, air-launched nuclear weapons and submarine-launched platforms. It is developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Significance — It provides a major boost to India’s nuclear

deterrence and strategic capabilities.

Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as it accurately describes the main purpose of the Act. Statement 3 is correct as the Act does bar courts from entertaining suits or proceedings about conversion of religious character of places of worship. Statement 4 is correct, though the maximum imprisonment is three years, not five. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Act specifically excludes the Ram

Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid site in Ayodhya from its purview.